Does 1 Clement Support Papal Succession? No. What Its “We” Shows

1 Clement does not support Roman Catholic Papal succession.

Quick Facts

Text: 1 Clement, a letter from “the church of God sojourning at Rome” to the church at Corinth, usually dated to around 95–96 A.D.

Author: Not named in the letter. Dionysius of Corinth first links it to Clement around 170 A.D. (Eusebius, Church History 4.23.11).

People involved: Clement of Rome; later writers Tertullian, Irenaeus and Eusebius, whose lists of Rome’s early bishops differ.

Core claim: In its own voice, 1 Clement speaks only as “we” and never as “I”, so the letter itself does not present a single author or bishop.

Key evidence: 254 first-person plural forms in the letter’s own voice. All 92 first-person singular pronouns occur in quotations or in the speech at 54.2.

Key texts: 1 Clement, opening address, 7.1, 53.1, 54.2, 62.1–3 and 63.2–4.

1 Clement has long been attributed to Clement of Rome, who is claimed to be the third bishop of Rome after the Apostles (the fourth, if Peter is counted as the first). It was written in the mid-90s A.D.; most traditional scholarship dates it to around 95–96 A.D., and Bart Ehrman dates it to 95 A.D. I agree with him on this.

The first attribution of the letter to Clement comes from Dionysius of Corinth around 170 A.D., some 74 to 75 years after it was written. Writing to the church at Rome, he says:

“We passed this holy Lord’s day, in which we read your letter, from the constant reading of which we shall be able to draw admonition, even as from the reading of the former one you sent us written through Clement.” (Eusebius, Church History 4.23.11)

Or, in the original Greek:

«τὴν σήμερον οὖν κυριακὴν ἁγίαν ἡμέραν διηγάγομεν, ἐν ᾗ ἀνέγνωμεν ὑμῶν τὴν ἐπιστολήν, ἣν ἕξομεν ἀεί ποτε ἀναγινώσκοντες νουθετεῖσθαι, ὡς καὶ τὴν προτέραν ἡμῖν διὰ Κλήμεντος γραφεῖσαν.»

The problem is that nothing in the text itself says that Clement wrote it, or even that it was written through Clement.

The writers never say “I”. 1 Clement contains 92 first-person singular pronouns (ἐγώ, μου, μοι, με and the possessive ἐμός). Every one of them occurs inside a quotation from Scripture or from a quoted speaker, or in the speech the letter tells a noble Corinthian to make at 54.2 (“If sedition … be because of me”). In its own voice, the letter speaks only as “we”.

This matters because Roman Catholic apologists use 1 Clement to prove two things: first, Roman primacy; and second, that a Roman Catholic bishop (allegedly a pope) wrote to the Corinthians, which is taken as proof of both papal supremacy and papal succession.

For the first, see my article “Does 1 Clement Support Roman Apostolic Succession or Roman Primacy?” I will address the second here.

A quick summary:

Tertullian says Peter appointed Clement (Prescription Against Heretics 32).

Irenaeus says Peter and Paul appointed Linus, followed by Anacletus and then Clement (Against Heresies 3.3.3).

Eusebius says Linus, then Anencletus, then Clement, whom he calls the third bishop of Rome (Church History 3.4.10, 3.13, 3.15).

1 Clement says the Apostles appointed multiple bishops (42.4–5).

The idea of a monepiscopacy (a single bishop over a church) in 95–96 A.D. is anachronistic. The next Christian writings that support it are the letters of Ignatius of Antioch, dated either to the 110s or, by some, to 140–150 A.D. Either way, they are a considerable distance from the near-apostolic era of 1 Clement.

Before I get into the article, I must address this. The Shepherd of Hermas, Vision 2, chapter 4, says:

“And then she said, You have done well, for I have some words to add. But when I finish all the words, all the elect will then become acquainted with them through you. You will write therefore two books, and you will send the one to Clemens and the other to Grapte. And Clemens will send his to foreign countries, for permission has been granted to him to do so. And Grapte will admonish the widows and the orphans. But you will read the words in this city, along with the presbyters who preside over the Church.”

It has been claimed that this is “Pope Clement”, and that he is also the Clement of Philippians 4:3:

“And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life.”

The problem is that Clemens was an extremely common Roman cognomen (roughly the equivalent of our surname). Identifying these men as the same Clement overlooks how popular the name was. Not everyone named Jones in America is the same Jones.

And even if you granted, for the sake of argument, that Clement was the amanuensis, it still doesn't get you anywhere, for how does that prove there was a singular bishop-pope behind him? 1 Clement never refers to a singular bishop in Rome; it says that the apostles appointed multiple bishops and deacons in cities. Your only source against the idea that Rome had multiple bishops are all 85 (Irenaeus), 105 (Tertullian) and 218 years (Eusebius) after 1 Clement was written, and they were all after a monepiscopacy had already formed meaning; they were reading anachronistically (backwards) into history.

The shortest date, Irenaeus's 85 years in modern-day equivalent, is WW2: the German invasion of the Soviet Union was 85 years ago, and Pearl Harbor, which will have its 85th anniversary this year in 2026.

Am I, a Gen Z man, a reliable witness to what happened in WW2? Would you trust me over WW2 records on what happened there?

Japan never invaded America. FDR was just offended by Japanese sensibilities.

So, if you wouldn't trust me, why would you trust Irenaeus, who was in northern France, for what happened 85 years past him in Rome? Who, for our modern-day equivalent, is 85 years past WW2?

When Polycarp writes to the same Philippians (to whom Clement is claimed to be in the epistle written to)., he says in Polycarp 5:3: "Wherefore, it is needful to abstain from all these things, being subject to the presbyters and deacons, as unto God and Christ.

Polycarp 5:3 in Greek: "διὸ δέον ἀπέχεσθαι ἀπὸ πάντων τούτων, ὑποτασσομένους τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις καὶ διακόνοις ὡς θεῷ καὶ Χριστῷ· τὰς παρθένους ἐν ἀμώμῳ καὶ ἁγνῇ συνειδήσει περιπατεῖν."

The point is that 1 Clement never says there was a single Roman bishop; it says that the apostles appointed multiple bishops and deacons. And the entire letter to the Corinthians is premised upon the writers of the letter being angry that it ridded itself of the plural bishops appointed by the apostles. The Philippians in either the mid 110s or 140-150 A.D. still kept their plural bishops in Polycarp’s time instead of adopting monepiscopacy. If you truly believe in Roman primacy and “Roma locuta, causa finita est” (Rome has spoken, the case is closed), then you have no business believing that God’s true church has a singular bishop, since the writers of 1 Clement strongly believed in multiple bishops."

The letter describes its own writing in the plural. Every verb about writing, sending or judging is first-person plural:

1.1 νομίζομεν “we consider”

7.1 ἐπιστέλλομεν “we write (to you)”

44.3 νομίζομεν “we consider (them unjustly removed)”

53.1 γράφομεν “we write”

62.1 ἐπεστείλαμεν “we have written”

62.2 ἐψηλαφήσαμεν “we have touched on”

62.3 ὑπεμνήσαμεν “we have reminded”

63.2 ἐποιησάμεθα “we made (this appeal)”

63.3 ἐπέμψαμεν “we sent”

63.4 ἐποιήσαμεν “we did this”

The sender is named as a church. The opening address is from “the church of God sojourning at Rome”, and the closing chapters speak of “those sent from us” (65.1, ἀφ’ ἡμῶν) and “the things written by us” (63.2, τοῖς ὑφ’ ἡμῶν γεγραμμένοις).

A plural can, in principle, be a single writer speaking on behalf of a group, so these forms show how the letter presents itself (as the voice of the Roman church), not how many hands wrote it.

Strong’s Concordance for every “we”

I have included the Strong’s numbers so that others can follow the Greek. What follows is every place where 1 Clement says “we”, “us” or “our” in Greek, with the dictionary form, Strong’s number, grammar and meaning of each word. Strong’s numbers only cover New Testament vocabulary, so words that never appear in the New Testament have none.

ἡμεῖς (Strong’s G2249): “we”, the emphatic subject. Greek verbs already include the subject, so the pronoun adds stress: “we, for our part”. Outside quotations: 7.

ἡμῶν (Strong’s G2257): “of us, our” (genitive). Outside quotations: 66.

ἡμῖν (Strong’s G2254): “to, for, among us” (dative). Outside quotations: 29.

ἡμᾶς (Strong’s G2248): “us” (accusative, the object). Outside quotations: 39.

ἡμέτερος (Strong’s G2251): “our” (possessive adjective). Outside quotations: 2.

“We” inside a verb. Greek usually expresses “we” in the verb ending: -μεν (active) or -μεθα (middle and passive), as in γράφομεν “we write” and δικαιούμεθα “we are justified”.

“Let us …” (hortatory subjunctive), e.g. κολληθῶμεν “let us cleave”: 75.

Statements (indicative), e.g. “we write”, “we are”: 44.

“If we …” / “that we may …” (subjunctive after ἐάν, ἵνα, ὅπως): 11.

Questions (deliberative subjunctive), e.g. “what shall we say?”: 4.

Every instance (309)

Totals: 309 first-person plural forms. 254 are in the letter’s own voice, 23 in the closing prayer (59.3–61.3), and 32 inside quotations.

Opening address

0.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 1

1.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

1.1 νομίζομεν “we consider” (νομίζω, Strong’s G3543; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 4

4.6 Διέλθωμεν “let us go through” (διέρχομαι, Strong’s G1330; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Quotation: Genesis 4:8 (Cain).

4.8 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

4.10 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Exodus 2:14.

Chapter 5

5.1 παυσώμεθα “let us cease” (παύω, Strong’s G3973; aorist subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

5.1 ἔλθωμεν “let us come” (ἔρχομαι, Strong’s G2064; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

5.1 λάβωμεν “let us take” (λαμβάνω, Strong’s G2983; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

5.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

5.3 λάβωμεν “let us take” (λαμβάνω, Strong’s G2983; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

5.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 6

6.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

6.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 7

7.1 ἐπιστέλλομεν “we write (by letter)” (ἐπιστέλλω, Strong’s G1989; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

7.1 ἐσμὲν “we are” (εἰμί, Strong’s G1510; present indicative). Letter’s own voice.

7.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

7.2 ἀπολίπωμεν “let us forsake” (ἀπολείπω, Strong’s G620; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

7.2 ἔλθωμεν “let us come” (ἔρχομαι, Strong’s G2064; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

7.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

7.3 ἴδωμεν “let us see” (εἶδον, Strong’s G1492; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

7.3 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

7.4 ἀτενίσωμεν “let us fix our eyes” (ἀτενίζω, Strong’s G816; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

7.4 γνῶμεν “let us understand” (γινώσκω, Strong’s G1097; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

7.4 ἡμετέραν “our” (ἡμέτερος, Strong’s G2251; possessive adjective). Letter’s own voice.

7.5 διέλθωμεν “let us go through” (διέρχομαι, Strong’s G1330; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

7.5 καταμάθωμεν “let us learn” (καταμανθάνω, Strong’s G2648; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 8

8.4 διελεγχθῶμεν “let us reason together” (διελέγχω, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; aorist subjunctive passive, hortatory). Quotation: Isaiah 1:18.

Chapter 9

9.1 ὑπακούσωμεν “let us obey” (ὑπακούω, Strong’s G5219; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

9.1 προσπέσωμεν “let us fall down” (προσπίπτω, Strong’s G4363; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

9.1 ἐπιστρέψωμεν “let us turn” (ἐπιστρέφω, Strong’s G1994; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

9.2 ἀτενίσωμεν “let us fix our eyes” (ἀτενίζω, Strong’s G816; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

9.3 λάβωμεν “let us take” (λαμβάνω, Strong’s G2983; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 12

12.4 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Joshua 2 (the king’s men).

12.6 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Quotation: Joshua 2 (the spies).

12.6 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Quotation: Joshua 2 (the spies).

Chapter 13

13.1 Ταπεινοφρονήσωμεν “let us be humble-minded” (ταπεινοφρονέω, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

13.1 ποιήσωμεν “let us do / make” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

13.3 στηρίξωμεν “let us strengthen” (στηρίζω, Strong’s G4741; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 14

14.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

14.2 ὑποίσομεν “we shall incur” (ὑποφέρω, Strong’s G5297; future indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

14.2 ἐπιδῶμεν “(if) we give ourselves over” (ἐπιδίδωμι, Strong’s G1929; aorist subjunctive active, after ἐάν). Letter’s own voice.

14.2 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

14.3 χρηστευσώμεθα “let us be kind” (χρηστεύομαι, Strong’s G5541; aorist subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

14.3 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 15

15.1 κολληθῶμεν “let us cleave” (κολλάω, Strong’s G2853; aorist subjunctive passive, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

15.5 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Psalm 12:4.

15.5 μεγαλυνοῦμεν “we will magnify” (μεγαλύνω, Strong’s G3170; future indicative active). Quotation: Psalm 12:4.

15.5 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Psalm 12:4.

15.5 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Quotation: Psalm 12:4.

15.5 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Psalm 12:4.

Chapter 16

16.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Isaiah 53:1–3.

16.3 ἀνηγγείλαμεν “we announced” (ἀναγγέλλω, Strong’s G312; aorist indicative active). Quotation: Isaiah 53:1–3.

16.3 εἴδομεν “we saw” (εἶδον, Strong’s G1492; aorist indicative active). Quotation: Isaiah 53:1–3.

16.4 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Isaiah 53:4.

16.4 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Isaiah 53:4.

16.4 ἡμεῖς “we (emphatic subject)” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2249; pronoun, nominative plural). Quotation: Isaiah 53:4.

16.4 ἐλογισάμεθα “we esteemed” (λογίζομαι, Strong’s G3049; aorist indicative middle). Quotation: Isaiah 53:4.

16.5 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Isaiah 53:5.

16.5 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Isaiah 53:5.

16.5 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Isaiah 53:5.

16.5 ἡμεῖς “we (emphatic subject)” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2249; pronoun, nominative plural). Quotation: Isaiah 53:5.

16.5 ἰάθημεν “we were healed” (ἰάομαι, Strong’s G2390; aorist indicative passive). Quotation: Isaiah 53:5.

16.6 ἐπλανήθημεν “we went astray” (πλανάω, Strong’s G4105; aorist indicative passive). Quotation: Isaiah 53:6.

16.7 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: Isaiah 53:6.

16.17 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

16.17 ποιήσωμεν “let us do / make” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

16.17 ἡμεῖς “we (emphatic subject)” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2249; pronoun, nominative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 17

17.1 γενώμεθα “let us become” (γίνομαι, Strong’s G1096; aorist subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

17.1 λέγομεν “we mean” (λέγω, Strong’s G3004; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 18

18.1 εἴπωμεν “what shall we say?” (εἶπον, Strong’s G2036; aorist subjunctive active, deliberative). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 19

19.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

19.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

19.2 ἐπαναδράμωμεν “let us run back” (ἐπανατρέχω, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

19.2 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

19.2 ἀτενίσωμεν “let us fix our eyes” (ἀτενίζω, Strong’s G816; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

19.2 κολληθῶμεν “let us cleave” (κολλάω, Strong’s G2853; aorist subjunctive passive, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

19.3 ἴδωμεν “let us see” (εἶδον, Strong’s G1492; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

19.3 ἐμβλέψωμεν “let us look” (ἐμβλέπω, Strong’s G1689; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

19.3 νοήσωμεν “let us understand” (νοέω, Strong’s G3539; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 20

20.11 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

20.11 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 21

21.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

21.1 ποιῶμεν “(if) we do” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; present subjunctive active, after ἐάν). Letter’s own voice.

21.3 ἴδωμεν “let us see” (εἶδον, Strong’s G1492; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

21.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

21.3 ποιούμεθα “we make” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; present indicative middle). Letter’s own voice.

21.4 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

21.5 προσκόψωμεν “let us give offence” (προσκόπτω, Strong’s G4350; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

21.6 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

21.6 ἐντραπῶμεν “let us reverence” (ἐντρέπω, Strong’s G1788; aorist subjunctive passive, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

21.6 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

21.6 αἰδεσθῶμεν “let us respect” (αἰδέομαι, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; aorist subjunctive passive (deponent), hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

21.6 τιμήσωμεν “let us honour” (τιμάω, Strong’s G5091; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

21.6 παιδεύσωμεν “let us instruct” (παιδεύω, Strong’s G3811; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

21.6 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

21.6 διορθωσώμεθα “let us guide (aright)” (διορθόω, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; aorist subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

21.8 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

21.9 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 22

22.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 23

23.2 διψυχῶμεν “let us not be double-minded” (διψυχέω, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; present subjunctive active, hortatory (with μή)). Letter’s own voice.

23.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

23.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

23.3 ἠκούσαμεν “we heard” (ἀκούω, Strong’s G191; aorist indicative active). Quotation: an unnamed “scripture” (the double-minded speaking).

23.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Quotation: an unnamed “scripture” (the double-minded speaking).

23.3 γεγηράκαμεν “we have grown old” (γηράσκω, Strong’s G1095; perfect indicative active). Quotation: an unnamed “scripture” (the double-minded speaking).

23.3 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Quotation: an unnamed “scripture” (the double-minded speaking).

Chapter 24

24.1 Κατανοήσωμεν “let us consider” (κατανοέω, Strong’s G2657; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

24.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

24.2 ἴδωμεν “let us see” (εἶδον, Strong’s G1492; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

24.3 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

24.4 λάβωμεν “let us take” (λαμβάνω, Strong’s G2983; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 25

25.1 Ἴδωμεν “let us see” (εἶδον, Strong’s G1492; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 26

26.1 νομίζομεν “we consider” (νομίζω, Strong’s G3543; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

26.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 27

27.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

27.3 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

27.3 νοήσωμεν “let us understand” (νοέω, Strong’s G3539; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 28

28.1 φοβηθῶμεν “let us fear” (φοβέομαι, Strong’s G5399; aorist subjunctive passive (deponent), hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

28.1 ἀπολίπωμεν “let us forsake” (ἀπολείπω, Strong’s G620; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

28.1 σκεπασθῶμεν “(that) we may be sheltered” (σκεπάζω, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; aorist subjunctive passive, after ἵνα). Letter’s own voice.

28.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 29

29.1 Προσέλθωμεν “let us approach” (προσέρχομαι, Strong’s G4334; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

29.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

29.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 30

30.1 ποιήσωμεν “let us do / make” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

30.3 κολληθῶμεν “let us cleave” (κολλάω, Strong’s G2853; aorist subjunctive passive, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

30.3 ἐνδυσώμεθα “let us clothe ourselves” (ἐνδύω, Strong’s G1746; aorist subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

30.6 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

30.7 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

30.7 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 31

31.1 Κολληθῶμεν “let us cleave” (κολλάω, Strong’s G2853; aorist subjunctive passive, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

31.1 ἴδωμεν “let us see” (εἶδον, Strong’s G1492; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

31.1 ἀνατυλίξωμεν “let us unroll (review)” (ἀνατυλίσσω, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

31.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 32

32.4 ἡμεῖς “we (emphatic subject)” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2249; pronoun, nominative plural). Letter’s own voice.

32.4 δικαιούμεθα “we are justified” (δικαιόω, Strong’s G1344; present indicative passive). Letter’s own voice.

32.4 κατειργασάμεθα “we wrought” (κατεργάζομαι, Strong’s G2716; aorist indicative middle). Letter’s own voice.

32.4 ἡμετέρας “our” (ἡμέτερος, Strong’s G2251; possessive adjective). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 33

33.1 ποιήσωμεν “let us do / make” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

33.1 ἀργήσωμεν “shall we be idle?” (ἀργέω, Strong’s G691; aorist subjunctive active, deliberative). Letter’s own voice.

33.1 ἐγκαταλίπωμεν “shall we abandon?” (ἐγκαταλείπω, Strong’s G1459; aorist subjunctive active, deliberative). Letter’s own voice.

33.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

33.1 σπεύσωμεν “let us hasten” (σπεύδω, Strong’s G4692; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

33.5 Ποιήσωμεν “let us do / make” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Quotation: Genesis 1:26 (God speaking).

33.5 ἡμετέραν “our” (ἡμέτερος, Strong’s G2251; possessive adjective). Quotation: Genesis 1:26 (God speaking).

33.7 ἴδωμεν “let us see” (εἶδον, Strong’s G1492; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

33.8 προσέλθωμεν “let us approach” (προσέρχομαι, Strong’s G4334; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

33.8 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

33.8 ἐργασώμεθα “let us work” (ἐργάζομαι, Strong’s G2038; aorist subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 34

34.2 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

34.3 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

34.4 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

34.5 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

34.5 ὑποτασσώμεθα “let us submit” (ὑποτάσσω, Strong’s G5293; present subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

34.5 κατανοήσωμεν “let us consider” (κατανοέω, Strong’s G2657; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

34.7 ἡμεῖς “we (emphatic subject)” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2249; pronoun, nominative plural). Letter’s own voice.

34.7 βοήσωμεν “let us cry out” (βοάω, Strong’s G994; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

34.7 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 35

35.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

35.4 ἡμεῖς “we (emphatic subject)” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2249; pronoun, nominative plural). Letter’s own voice.

35.4 ἀγωνισώμεθα “let us strive” (ἀγωνίζομαι, Strong’s G75; aorist subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

35.4 μεταλάβωμεν “(that) we may share in” (μεταλαμβάνω, Strong’s G3335; aorist subjunctive active, after ὅπως). Letter’s own voice.

35.5 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

35.5 ἐκζητῶμεν “(if) we seek out” (ἐκζητέω, Strong’s G1567; present subjunctive active, after ἐάν). Letter’s own voice.

35.5 ἐπιτελέσωμεν “(if) we accomplish” (ἐπιτελέω, Strong’s G2005; aorist subjunctive active, after ἐάν). Letter’s own voice.

35.5 ἀκολουθήσωμεν “(if) we follow” (ἀκολουθέω, Strong’s G190; aorist subjunctive active, after ἐάν). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 36

36.1 εὕρομεν “we found” (εὑρίσκω, Strong’s G2147; aorist indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

36.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

36.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

36.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

36.2 ἀτενίζομεν “we gaze” (ἀτενίζω, Strong’s G816; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

36.2 ἐνοπτριζόμεθα “we behold as in a mirror” (ἐνοπτρίζομαι, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; present indicative middle). Letter’s own voice.

36.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

36.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

36.2 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 37

37.1 Στρατευσώμεθα “let us serve as soldiers” (στρατεύομαι, Strong’s G4754; aorist subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

37.2 κατανοήσωμεν “let us consider” (κατανοέω, Strong’s G2657; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

37.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

37.5 λάβωμεν “let us take” (λαμβάνω, Strong’s G2983; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

37.5 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

37.5 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 38

38.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

38.3 ἀναλογισώμεθα “let us consider” (ἀναλογίζομαι, Strong’s G357; aorist subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

38.3 ἐγενήθημεν “we came into being” (γίνομαι, Strong’s G1096; aorist indicative passive). Letter’s own voice.

38.3 εἰσήλθαμεν “we entered” (εἰσέρχομαι, Strong’s G1525; aorist indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

38.3 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

38.3 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

38.4 ὀφείλομεν “we ought” (ὀφείλω, Strong’s G3784; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 39

39.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

39.5 ἐσμεν “we are” (εἰμί, Strong’s G1510; present indicative). Quotation: Job 4:19.

Chapter 40

40.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

40.1 ὀφείλομεν “we ought” (ὀφείλω, Strong’s G3784; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 41

41.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

41.4 κατηξιώθημεν “we were counted worthy” (καταξιόω, Strong’s G2661; aorist indicative passive). Letter’s own voice.

41.4 ὑποκείμεθα “we are exposed to” (ὑπόκειμαι, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; present indicative middle). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 42

42.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

42.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 44

44.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

44.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

44.3 νομίζομεν “we consider” (νομίζω, Strong’s G3543; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

44.4 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

44.4 ἀποβάλωμεν “(if) we thrust out” (ἀποβάλλω, Strong’s G577; aorist subjunctive active, after ἐάν). Letter’s own voice.

44.6 ὁρῶμεν “we see” (ὁράω, Strong’s G3708; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 45

45.6 εἴπωμεν “what shall we say?” (εἶπον, Strong’s G2036; aorist subjunctive active, deliberative). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 46

46.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

46.4 κολληθῶμεν “let us cleave” (κολλάω, Strong’s G2853; aorist subjunctive passive, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

46.6 ἔχομεν “we have” (ἔχω, Strong’s G2192; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

46.6 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

46.7 διέλκομεν “(why) do we pull apart” (διέλκω, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

46.7 διασπῶμεν “(why) do we tear apart” (διασπάω, Strong’s G1288; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

46.7 στασιάζομεν “(why) do we rebel” (στασιάζω, not in the NT, so no Strong’s number; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

46.7 ἐρχόμεθα “we come” (ἔρχομαι, Strong’s G2064; present indicative middle). Letter’s own voice.

46.7 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

46.7 ἐσμὲν “we are” (εἰμί, Strong’s G1510; present indicative). Letter’s own voice.

46.9 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 47

47.7 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

47.7 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 48

48.1 Ἐξάρωμεν “let us root out” (ἐξαίρω, Strong’s G1808; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

48.1 προσπέσωμεν “let us fall down” (προσπίπτω, Strong’s G4363; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

48.1 κλαύσωμεν “let us weep” (κλαίω, Strong’s G2799; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

48.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

48.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

48.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 49

49.5 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

49.6 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

49.6 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

49.6 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

49.6 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

49.6 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

49.6 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 50

50.2 δεώμεθα “let us entreat” (δέομαι, Strong’s G1189; present subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

50.2 αἰτώμεθα “let us ask” (αἰτέω, Strong’s G154; present subjunctive middle, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

50.2 εὑρεθῶμεν “(that) we may be found” (εὑρίσκω, Strong’s G2147; aorist subjunctive passive, after ἵνα). Letter’s own voice.

50.5 ἐσμεν “we are” (εἰμί, Strong’s G1510; present indicative). Letter’s own voice.

50.5 ἐποιοῦμεν “(if) we did” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; imperfect indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

50.5 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

50.7 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 51

51.1 παρεπέσαμεν “we fell away (transgressed)” (παραπίπτω, Strong’s G3895; aorist indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

51.1 ἐποιήσαμεν “we did” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; aorist indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

51.1 ἀξιώσωμεν “let us ask” (ἀξιόω, Strong’s G515; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

51.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

51.2 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 53

53.1 γράφομεν “we write” (γράφω, Strong’s G1125; present indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 55

55.1 ἐνέγκωμεν “let us bring forward” (φέρω, Strong’s G5342; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

55.2 ἐπιστάμεθα “we know” (ἐπίσταμαι, Strong’s G1987; present indicative middle). Letter’s own voice.

55.2 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 56

56.1 ἡμεῖς “we (emphatic subject)” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2249; pronoun, nominative plural). Letter’s own voice.

56.1 ἐντύχωμεν “let us intercede” (ἐντυγχάνω, Strong’s G1793; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

56.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

56.2 ἀναλάβωμεν “let us take up” (ἀναλαμβάνω, Strong’s G353; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

56.2 ποιούμεθα “we make” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; present indicative middle). Letter’s own voice.

56.2 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

56.16 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 58

58.1 Ὑπακούσωμεν “let us obey” (ὑπακούω, Strong’s G5219; aorist subjunctive active, hortatory). Letter’s own voice.

58.1 κατασκηνώσωμεν “(that) we may dwell” (κατασκηνόω, Strong’s G2681; aorist subjunctive active, after ἵνα). Letter’s own voice.

58.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 59

59.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

59.2 ἡμεῖς “we (emphatic subject)” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2249; pronoun, nominative plural). Letter’s own voice.

59.2 ἐσόμεθα “we shall be” (εἰμί, Strong’s G1510; future indicative). Letter’s own voice.

59.2 αἰτησόμεθα “we will ask” (αἰτέω, Strong’s G154; future indicative middle). Letter’s own voice.

59.2 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

59.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

59.3 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Closing prayer.

59.4 ἀξιοῦμέν “we beseech” (ἀξιόω, Strong’s G515; present indicative active). Closing prayer.

59.4 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

59.4 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

59.4 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

59.4 ἡμεῖς “we (emphatic subject)” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2249; pronoun, nominative plural). Closing prayer.

Chapter 60

60.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Closing prayer.

60.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

60.2 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Closing prayer.

60.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

60.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

60.3 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Closing prayer.

60.3 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Closing prayer.

60.3 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Closing prayer.

60.3 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Closing prayer.

60.4 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Closing prayer.

60.4 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

60.4 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

Chapter 61

61.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Closing prayer.

61.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

61.3 ἐξομολογούμεθα “we give thanks / praise” (ἐξομολογέω, Strong’s G1843; present indicative middle). Closing prayer.

61.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Closing prayer.

Chapter 62

62.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

62.1 ἐπεστείλαμεν “we have written (by letter)” (ἐπιστέλλω, Strong’s G1989; aorist indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

62.2 ἐψηλαφήσαμεν “we have touched on” (ψηλαφάω, Strong’s G5584; aorist indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

62.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

62.3 ὑπεμνήσαμεν “we have reminded” (ὑπομιμνῄσκω, Strong’s G5279; aorist indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

62.3 ᾔδειμεν “we knew” (οἶδα, Strong’s G1492; pluperfect (past) indicative). Letter’s own voice.

62.3 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 63

63.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

63.1 καταντήσωμεν “(that) we may arrive” (καταντάω, Strong’s G2658; aorist subjunctive active, after ὅπως). Letter’s own voice.

63.2 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

63.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

63.2 ἐποιησάμεθα “we made” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; aorist indicative middle). Letter’s own voice.

63.3 ἐπέμψαμεν “we sent” (πέμπω, Strong’s G3992; aorist indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

63.3 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

63.3 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

63.4 ἐποιήσαμεν “we did” (ποιέω, Strong’s G4160; aorist indicative active). Letter’s own voice.

63.4 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 64

64.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

64.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Chapter 65

65.1 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

65.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

65.1 ἡμῖν “to / for / among us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2254; pronoun, dative plural). Letter’s own voice.

65.1 ἡμᾶς “us” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2248; pronoun, accusative plural). Letter’s own voice.

65.2 ἡμῶν “of us / our” (ἡμεῖς, Strong’s G2257; pronoun, genitive plural). Letter’s own voice.

Sources

Eusebius, Church History 3.4, 3.13, 3.15 and 4.23.11.

Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.3.3.

Tertullian, Prescription Against Heretics 32.

The Shepherd of Hermas, Vision 2, chapter 4.

Greek text of 1 Clement: Kirsopp Lake’s edition (1912), as corrected by the Open Apostolic Fathers project (James Tauber and Seumas Macdonald, 2019).

Strong’s numbers: James Strong, Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), Greek dictionary, Open Scriptures digital edition.

Bart Ehrman - 1 Clement in a Nutshell (see comments)

https://ehrmanblog.org/1-clement-in-a-nutshell/

The Greek cited in the 170 A.D. Letter.

https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%95%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82)/%CE%94

Polycarp's letter in Greek

https://greekdoc.com/DOCUMENTS/early/philippians.html